If we were once visited by an alien civilization, it would probably have decided that humans are some kind of contrasts: more than 3.6 billion people worldwide already have smartphones, while about 2.2 billion still lack access. to safe drinking water in the world. the world of their home. at home. But despite the paradox, advanced technologies and such a basic resource as water are not that far away today; In fact, the first company offers innovative solutions that make it more accessible in many parts of the world where it is not yet possible to turn on the tap and drink. techsupportreviews
Today, there are many technological proposals for increasing
access to drinking water, but these are often expensive or too complex to be
conveniently used in the field. Here we take a look at some of the most recent
and promising innovations.
STEAM CONDENSATION
Solar stills have been used in America since pre-Columbian
times. The technique is simple: the water is evaporated by solar energy, and
the steam condenses on the surface, collecting clean water. For this ancient
method, modern technology provides solutions that increase its productivity and
efficiency.
One example is solutions created by engineers Qiaoqiang Gan
at State University of New York at Buffalo and Zongfu Yu at the University of
Wisconsin and developed through their startup company Sunny Clean Water.
Systems proposed include the use of carbon paper evaporators and condensers
made of a material called polydimethylsiloxane, which, even in full sun,
releases more energy than it absorbs, lowering temperatures below the dew point
to achieve vapor condensation.
DESERT AIR WATER
In big regions of the planet, the hassle isn't water
pollutants, but its entire absence. According to the United Nations, greater
than 2, a hundred million people live in arid areas, representing forty
one.Three% of the sector's land and this wide variety may be foreseen to
growth with desertification as a result of climate change. To reduce water
shortages in these regions, structures such as fog condensers exist, but those
require huge drainage basins, electricity assets, or complex installations.
A crew of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and the University of California at Berkeley led through the chemist
Omar Yagi has advanced a passive system that extracts water from the driest
air the usage of best solar power, that's usually missing in barren region
regions. ... The device is based on a brand new kind of porous cloth referred
to as organometallic frameworks (MOF). Sandwiched among a solar panel and a
steam condenser, this fabric is able to collect a hundred milliliters of
water per kilogram of MOF daily in a dry environment just like Arizona
Desert (USA), where humidity drops to 8% throughout the day.
In its original shape, the drawback of the machine was its
price, as the researchers used zirconium, a high-priced metal, in MOF.
However, the same team has already examined an aluminum-based totally MOF that
lowers the fee from $ a hundred and sixty to $ 3 in keeping with kilogram, and
which, inside the California Mojave Desert, has managed to provide 0.7 liters
of water in keeping with a kilogram of MOF according to today, that is ten times
greater. Then the previous version. The new gadget consists of a sun-powered
fan to increase air-to-material contact. As a part of their new startup Water
Harvesting, Yagi and his crew are running on a microwave-sized device able to
harvesting 7 to 10 liters of water according to day, scalable to a gadget so as
to produce 20,000 liters per day, enough for intake from the city.
FRESH SEAWATER
Most of the sector's populace does now not have to get entry to
to clean water, notwithstanding the fact that they breathing next to a massive
ocean mass. Desalination of seawater stays an option of constrained software:
large plant life the usage of filtration structures with polymer membranes are
high priced and inefficient due to their high electricity consumption.
The technology of the latest materials also can provide an
opportunity to present desalination plants. Scientists from the University of
Manchester (UK) has created a graphene oxide sieve that keeps salts and
handiest lets water thru. The secret's within the size of tiny pores, about 1
nanometer. Water molecules without difficulty pass via them due to the reality
that they shape a type of chain due to their hydrogen bonds; but, salts can not
pass due to the fact they may be surrounded through a layer of water molecules,
the whole length of which is greater than the pore length.
The advantages of
the graphene sieve include the ability to scale it to any size and with the
desired pore diameter, which allows you to filter any contaminants present in
the water. For project leader Rahul Nair, a materials physicist, this new
technology “opens up new opportunities to improve the efficiency of
desalination technology” and will be especially useful in regions of the world
where you cannot afford a large desalination plant. In 2019, the National
Graphene Establishment at the University of Manchester partnered with
LifeSaver, a portable water filtration company, to develop new water
purification devices based on this technology.
DRINKING WATER
FROM THE POCKET
The United Nations guesses
that of the 2.2 billion people without access to clean drinking water in their
homes, more than 1.6 billion are forced to take long trips away from home to
get water, while nearly 600 million people drink from wells, streams, lakes or
other sources. may contain dangerous germs. Every year, 829,000 people die from
diarrhea caused by microbiological water pollution.
In 2005, the Swiss
company Vestergaard Frandsen introduced the simple but original Lifestraw
system - a plastic tube 22 cm long and 3 cm in diameter, which is used as a
drinking straw. Its filtration system removes protozoa and bacteria, while
newer versions also filter dissolved metals and chemicals. Each unit can filter
up to 4000 liters of water, which is enough for one person to consume for three
years.
The award-winning
Lifestraw technology is also sold in bottle form and systems for families and
communities. All have already proven their worth in places like Haiti, Rwanda,
Pakistan or Kenya, where these products have been distributed to alleviate
drinking water shortages caused by earthquakes, floods or droughts.
Interestingly, Lifestraw is also a very popular camping accessory in developed
countries as it is a convenient and inexpensive alternative to traditional water
purification systems. With the proceeds of these sales, the company is funding
a program to ship its filtration systems to developing countries.
BOOK CLEANSING MARINE
Undoubtedly one of
the most novel, simple and practical water purification systems is the system
offered by startup Folia Water, founded by chemist Teresa Dankovic and her
husband: a book whose pages kill germs in water. This product is based on
Dankovich's doctoral dissertation on the development of paper filters with
silver nanoparticles that kill bacteria, viruses and other pathogens.
An important part
of the project was to give it an appropriate format to make it easier to use in
depressed regions. This is how the Safe Water Book was born, in which the
cut-out pages are the filters themselves, printed with signatures in the
appropriate language to facilitate its use and instruct users on basic hygiene
tips. Each book provides germ-free water for four years. Folia Water has
already tested its system in many countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America
and has begun distributing its products in Bangladesh. The company's goal is to
afford access to clean water for one billion people at a cost of less than a centime
a day.
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